![]() They also frequently do not have the investigative resources to pursue a case. In addition, companies often do not have the resources or the time to bring suit. Many companies choose to forgo civil suits because the thief is essentially judgment proof - a young engineer who has few resources - or too difficult to pursue - a sophisticated foreign company or government. These civil remedies, however, often are insufficient. The majority of States have some form of civil remedy for the theft of such information - either adopting some version of the Uniform Trade Secrets Act, acknowledging a tort for the misappropriation of the information, or enforcing various contractual arrangements dealing with trade secrets. As concluded by the Senate Judiciary Committee: "What State law there is protects proprietary economic information only haphazardly. State laws protecting trade secrets were likewise determined to be inadequate. ![]() Similarly, the Mail Fraud statute would only apply to economic espionage involving the use of the mail, and the Fraud by Wire statute requires an intent to defraud as well as the use of wire, radio or television. With respect to point (2) - i.e., the inadequacy of then-existing Federal statutes - Director Freeh cited the Supreme Court's Dowling ruling that trade secrets did not constitute physical "goods, wares or merchandise," and that the 1930's Interstate Transportation of Stolen Property Act was not applicable to economic espionage. Those targeted covered the entire spectrum of successful U.S. With respect to point (1), Director Freeh reported that the FBI was then investigating allegations of economic espionage conducted against the United States by no less than 23 different countries. (2) Laws then on the books - including the Interstate Transportation of Stolen Property Act and the Mail Fraud and Fraud by Wire statutes - were of virtually no use in prosecuting acts of economic espionage. Government for the economic benefit of their own industrial sectors. The hearings amply documented the two major underpinnings of the legislation: (1) Foreign powers, through a variety of means, are actively involved in stealing critical technologies, data and information from U.S. The organized intellectual property bar did not play a role in the hearings themselves although, since the 1970's, the American Bar Association Section of Intellectual Property Law favored "the enactment of a federal criminal law applicable in appropriate circumstances to the misappropriation of trade secrets." ![]() He was supported in his conviction that new Federal legislation was needed by a number of industry leaders representing principally Silicon Valley and aerospace companies. Freeh, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation ("FBI"). The lead witness in both hearings was the Honorable Louis J. Two major hearings were held in 1996 to consider the need for Federal legislation to prevent the theft of trade secrets as a result of economic espionage. This article will briefly review the legislative history of the EEA, compare its provisions with existing, more traditional, protection of trade secrets, discuss the criminal law aspects of the EEA, and provide an update on the cases that have been brought to date under the EEA.ĮCONOMIC ESPIONAGE AND THE NEED FOR FEDERAL LEGISLATION With fines up to $5,000,000 and imprisonment of up to 10 years for the domestic theft of trade secrets, the EEA provides a new and very powerful intellectual property regime that extends well beyond the U.S. It applies as well to any typical trade secret dispute involving purely domestic concerns. However, the EEA is not limited to enforcement against foreign governments, or even foreign-based companies. companies, particularly in the high-tech and computer industries, in order to advance the economic interests of their private sector. The overriding reasons behind the enactment of the legislation were the fully documented efforts of foreign governments to gain access to the trade secrets of U.S. With the enactment in 1996 of the Economic Espionage Act ("EEA"), the Federal Government has moved aggressively into the protection of private property rights in trade secrets. FEDERAL PROTECTION FOR CORPORATE TRADE SECRETSīy J.
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![]() ![]() This use of shallow torpor can show a variety of patterns, either stabilizing or oscillating up and down (alternative pink dashed lines). (C) An individual that starts the night normothermic, then uses ‘shallow’ torpor, potentially because the species has a very high minimum body temperature of only 4–5☌ below normothermic levels (e.g. (B) An individual that starts the night normothermic, then transitions into deep torpor, where body temperature drops with ambient temperature, minimizing the difference between minimum body temperature and ambient temperature (e.g. ![]() (A) A normothermic individual, with minimal circadian reductions in night-time body temperature (e.g. ![]() Both these states are characterized by lower body temperatures than the 1–2☌ drop below resting daytime body temperature that occurs following a circadian rhythm in normothermic sleep (‘nocturnal’ or ‘rest-phase’ hypometabolism Geiser, 2021 Walker et al., 1983).Ī schematic depiction of body temperature (colored lines) relative to ambient temperature (black dashed line) at night: in sleep, shallow torpor and deep torpor. Arctic ground squirrels, hummingbirds, −2 to 18☌ Fig. 1B). fasted doves, body temperature 28–36☌ Fig. 1C), while others use ‘deep’ torpor, in which body temperature is low (more than 20☌ below normothermic body temperature, e.g. Depending on their minimum torpid body temperature, some animals only use a ‘shallow’ form of torpor (e.g. These animals are often described as having species-specific minimum torpid body temperatures (between −2 and 29.6☌ Barnes, 1989 Hainsworth and Wolf, 1970 McKechnie and Lovegrove, 2002 Richter et al., 2015 Ruf and Geiser, 2015). Torpor is a fascinating ability – torpid animals save energy by lowering their metabolic rate and body temperature. Torpor is an energy-saving strategy documented in over 200 species of birds and mammals ( Boyles et al., 2020 Ruf and Geiser, 2015). The presence of a heterothermic spectrum in these bird species indicates a capacity for fine-scale physiological and genetic regulation of avian torpid metabolism. Depending on the species, they used shallow torpor for 5–35% of the night. All three species used both deep and shallow torpor, often on the same night. We infrared imaged three hummingbird species that are known to use deep torpor, under natural temperature and light cycles, to test whether they were also capable of shallow torpor. Although the literature hints that some bird species (mousebirds and perhaps hummingbirds) can use both shallow and deep torpor, little empirical evidence of such an avian heterothermy spectrum within species exists. Deep torpor occurs in three avian orders, but the trade-offs of deep torpor in birds are unknown. However, deep torpor in mammals can increase predation risk (unless animals are in burrows or caves), inhibit immune function and result in sleep deprivation, so even for species that can enter deep torpor, facultative shallow torpor might help balance energy savings with these potential costs. arctic ground squirrels, hummingbirds) enter deep torpor, dropping their body temperature by 23–37☌, while others can only enter shallow torpor (e.g. Many endotherms use torpor, saving energy by a controlled reduction of their body temperature and metabolic rate. ![]() ![]() “Sons” is sequenced well on “Heroes,” serving as a breather after the epic title track and before the onslaught of the side-closer “Blackout.” Yet taken on its own, “Sons” is an odd, schizophrenic track, with the verses and chorus seemingly from different songs, each temporarily eclipsing the other the 4-bar theme led by Bowie’s saxophone serves as a scene-changer. And with generally fine results: the last verse in particular is some of the eeriest writing Bowie’s done since MWSTW. For much of the lyric, Bowie seems to have picked through old songs for spare images: the Gnosticism of “Station to Station” ( “they never die, they just go to sleep one day”), the urban dreamscapes of “Diamond Dogs” and “Warszawa” and “Five Years,” even plastic rock stars (the Sons listen to the very Burroughsian “Sam Therapy and King Dice”). There’s a revivalist feel to much of “Sons,” sometimes literally: the chorus melody sounds inspired by one of Mick Ronson’s guitar solos in “Width of a Circle,” while Tony Visconti’s harmonies also call back to Man Who Sold the World. ![]() It seems like a latter-day visitation of faded Bowie obsessions, the return of homo superior and the Bewlay Brothers.* “Sons of the Silent Age,” the only song Bowie had written before he began recording “Heroes” in July 1977, is the odd man out on that record. Sons of the Silent Age (Philip Glass, “Heroes” Symphony, 1996). Swap in whole-wheat spaghetti for an even healthier meal. (And if you're eating alone, it works great as leftovers.) Spaghetti is baked with a mixture of onions, garlic, tomatoes, and seasoning, and is topped with reduced-fat cheddar cheese. Yum! Ingredients: Olive oil, cooking spay, red bell pepper, garlic, fresh basil, balsamic vinegar, salt, black pepper, uncooked linguine Calories: 117 Try this recipe: Linguine with Red Pepper Sauce Cheesy Chicken Spaghetti Your whole family will love this one-pan meal. Linguine With Pepper Sauce The star of this dish is the sauce: Red bell peppers, olive oil, fresh garlic, basil, and balsamic vinegar are sautéed and then put into the blender together to create a sauce that's packed with vitamin C and fiber. Talk to your doctor or dietitian about how your blood sugar may react after a pasta meal-the effect can be highly individual, so it's not a bad idea to test your blood sugar after eating to see how you react. For some, bread and pasta can still be a part of a diabetes-friendly diet if you limit portions, follow the right recipes, and work them into the recommendations set by your dietitian. Depending on your situation, that's not necessarily true. Pass the pasta If you have type 2 diabetes, you may have assumed that your pasta-eating days were over. Cinnamon rolls, for example, can contain more saturated fat and added sugars than people with diabetes should have in an entir Though you likely assumed sugary donuts and muffins werent the best way to kick off your day, we bet you didnt realize just how awful certain pastries can be. For some tips on whipping up a delectable bowl of oats, dig into these 20 Savory Oatmeal Recipes for a Flat Belly. , adding,* I advise people with diabetes to steer clear of added sugars by enjoying savory rather than sweet oatmeal. ![]() Oats contain a type of fiber called beta-glucan, which seems to have an anti-diabetic effect, explains Jackie Newgent, RDN, CDN, author of The All-Natural Diabetes Cookbook. Because the bran, germ, and endosperm have been compromised, these foods elevate blood-sugar levels and should only be consumed on occasion. Although grains help to maintain steady blood-sugar levels and provide heart-healthy fiber, white flour-based products cant claim the same. According to the American Diabetes Association, its important to choose the most nutritious whole grains possible. ![]() Once youve read through the list and added some things to your shopping list, click over to these 15 Cooking and Eating Tips If You Have Diabetes to find out how to transform the Eat This picks into delicious, satisfying meals. But thats okay, because were here to help! Read on to discover the best and worst drinks, grains, proteins, and produce picks for your diet, according to top nutritionists. ![]() There are loads of delicious foods that are safe and healthy to eatyou may just not know what they are yet. Consider this your diabetes diet cheat sheet! Consider this your diabetes diet cheat sheet! Despite conventional wisdom, a diabetes diagnosis doesnt mean you have to commit to a bland and boring diet. ![]() Let us know what you think in the comments. ![]() 2 The to account must be a savings account. This Stash review looks at how Stash works, to help you determine if it’s worth the investment. Stash customers also have access to banking and budgeting tools. The mobile app is geared toward beginning investors looking for an easy way to buy stocks and other investments. If you haven't given Stash a shot yet, give it a try. If you have multiple checking accounts, you can add Stash Your Cash to each. Stash is a budgeting app wrapped up in an investment account. The recent banking crisis may have you wondering whether. ![]() In exchange, though, you can earn "Stock-back" rewards for spending on your debit card, invest in the stocks you want with any amount of cash, and get other cool perks like early payday on your direct deposits.įor the small monthly fee, Stash is worth it for the ease of investing and banking put in one. Bank accounts are generally a secure place for your money, but they're not the only option. While this is a super easy bonus, note that you won't be able to withdraw the bonus money for 90 days, and there's an non-waiveable minimum $1 monthly fee to hold the account. Feel free to support the site by using our link in the "View Offer" button, or hit up a friend to use theirs. Get a healthy $20 when you create a Stash account using a referral link and start investing with at least $.01. To begin investing on Stash, you must be approved from an account verification perspective and open a brokerage account. The niche Stash dominates is "fractional share investing", which basically means you can invest any amount of money into any stock, regardless of the stock price. Stash is a great investing app for beginners, similar to Acorns or Robinhood (both of which also have regular sign-up bonuses). ![]() ![]() It also properly introduced Admiral Duarte, a character who becomes incredibly important in the remaining books in the series. Unlike basically every other the story in Season 6, the Laconia subplot about a girl named Cara and her efforts to save brother Xan with the help some alien creatures was very forward-focused. While The Expanse team went into Season 6 knowing it would almost certainly be the show’s last, they chose to tell the story that included a Laconia-set subplot adapted from Expanse novella Strange Dogs. I doubt this will happen as it has not happened so far, even with the significant promotional push from Amazon and the fanbase yelling about this show to anyone who would listen for the last six seasons. The only eventuality that could change this reality is if the show became much more popular on Amazon Prime Video for some reason, and the viewing analytics convince Amazon, or another media company, to greenlight another season. ![]() Because of this, it’s unlikely that we would get any more TV seasons of this phenomenal show. Honestly, it’s hard to imagine The Expanse continuing on in its current format, given that it more or less proved itself unviable as a commercial property at both SyFy and Amazon Prime Video. While this situation feels different, given that the cast and crew knew going into Season 6 that it would be their last and set out to complete the story, the series finale-and the final season in general-left the door open narratively for more story to come, should it find funding at some point in the future. However, this show has pulled off miracles before, and has proven to have a very loyal fanbase. In fact, all official statements have stated that Season 6 will be the last, with no hint of a possible sequel series to finish adapting the book series either. Let me begin this article by saying: there has been no official statement suggesting that a Season 7 of The Expanse will happen. ![]() Many aspects of pre-signalling can be confusing to those new to it. In an overflow loop, there is no guarantee that a train will not loop indefinitely at a very busy station, just because newly arriving trains steal into the platforms. And lastly, the trains will be served in the order that they arrive in. Third, one of the waiting trains will enter the station as soon as a platform is free, without having to complete a loop because it already is waiting at the station entrance. Also, even if the station is full, at least one more train will not have to use it, only if two or more trains are waiting will it be used. First, the trains only have to use it once before lining up at signal 6 and don't continue to loop until a platform is available. This has a few advantages over a regular overflow loop. If you put a one-way signal before signal 5, it will be a pre-signal.Signal 6 has to be a one-way signal, as does signal 1.Otherwise trains will be able to take the shortcut even though they should line up at the end of route (b). ![]() I recommend the above setup (connecting before signal 1) because that way all trains will use the overflow if it is in use. Route (b) can either cut into route (a) before signal 1, or lead directly into the station.Signals 5 have to be two-way, or all trains will want to use route (a).Signal 1 is the pre-signal leading into the station.It should have a few one-way signals 7 along the way to allow several trains to line up. If there is already a train waiting, other trains will take route (b) and line up at signal 6. Make sure that your longest train will fit entirely on (a) to make this work. Here, (a) is the usual way to the station, and it's used if there's no train waiting. These improved overflow loops are useful at the entrance of a busy station, where you need to prevent traffic backup into the main line. have some of the platforms go through and others end. You can even combine both types of stations, i.e. Here, the same conditions apply as in the previous case, and there can also be more than one of signals 1 and 3. This very compact layout of a station is often useful in a city, where there is not enough space for a full roro station. To repair a signal stuck at red, you'll have to modify its pre-signal setup with the Ctrl key, or remove and replace it. Those signals will not be converted to exits, so the pre-signal will not consider them when deciding to go green. If conditions two and three are only met for part of the signals, it will work neither as it should, nor as it did before pre-signals. You don't have to follow the actual track layout, it can go in any direction you like.There can be more than one of signal 4 (or none, or a two-way).All of signals 3 must be one-way signals leading out of the stationĪlso, even though not shown in the figure,.All of signals 2 must be two-way signals.Signal 1 must be a one-way signal leading into the station.Note that if you convert it manually, it will work like you might expect. The following conditions have to be met for this to qualify for automatic conversion. Finally, signal 4 terminates the exit block. Signals 3 are those letting the trains out of the station. Signal 1 is the pre-signal, and only go green if any of the exit signals 2 are green. There are four sets of signals involved, labelled 1 to 4. Such a station should be built like this: To get your mittens on some flair, please contact us from the account you want flaired with appropriate proof of your identity.(sometimes called "roro" or roll on/roll off station) OpenTTDCoop or other large community team members.We hand out special "verified user" flair to those who request it and are in a genuine need for it. Official IRC Channel (#/r/openttd on OFTC).Report a Player / Moderator Contact /r/openttd links of interest reddit OpenTTD server network Server Rules - please read these! This subreddit welcomes any OpenTTD related content, discussions, and questions! Transport-related subjects are also permitted, but please try to keep it somewhat relevant to the game at hand. The project aims to produce a fully open source version of the 1994 classic, while extending it with new graphical options, signal types, and much more. OpenTTD is an open source remake of Chris Sawyer's Transport Tycoon Deluxe. If you're joining one of our servers, please be sure to thumb through our house rules. ![]() 3240x5760px For Gamers ) // Iphone X, XS, gamers iphone HD phone wallpaper.City iphone, iPhone, iPhone ios, Batman Arkham City HD phone wallpaper 900x1850px Batman Gotham City iPhone in 2020.2160x3840px The Batman Movie Phone iPhone HD phone wallpaper.1080x2160px Batman, Batman Arkham, Batman Arkham knight HD phone wallpaper.1366x768px Batman Arkham Knight, gotham city HD wallpaper.Batman, Gotham batman, Batman artwork HD phone wallpaper 2302x4096px iPhone XS and XS Max in High Quality for, iphone xs HD phone wallpaper. ![]() 7680x4651px Game, Batman: Arkham Origins, batman batch HD wallpaper.1440x2560px Batman Arkham Knight iPhone X, Batman Dark HD phone wallpaper.1125x2436px : iPhone Xs, iPhone Xs Max, and iPhone Xr, iphone xr HD phone wallpaper.Batman, Batman poster, Batman, Batman Arkham City HD phone wallpaper 900x1600px Batman Standing on the Rooftop iPhone.1125x2436px Stunning for iPhone X, iPhone XS and iPhone XS Max HD phone wallpaper.Batman arkham knight, Batman arkham knight scarecrow, Batman, Batman Dark HD phone wallpaper 1080x1920px Joker And Batman iPhone Hupages iPhone.Batman, Arkham city, Batman arkham, Batman Arkham iPhone HD phone wallpaper IPad 3, iPad 4, iPad Air, iPad iPad, iPad Mini 2, iPad Mini 3, iPad Mini 4, 9.7" iPad Pro: 2048x1536, 1536x2048īatman Batman Arkham City Rocksteady and iPhone Xr XS The Batman Iphone Stunning for iPhone X xbox one Batman Funny iPhone Batman Dark Batman Arkham Knight IPhone 12 Pro Max, iPhone 13 Pro Max, iPhone 14 Plus: 1284x2778 IPhone Xs Max, iPhone 11 Pro Max: 1242x2688 IPhone X, iPhone Xs, iPhone 11 Pro: 1125x2436 IPhone 6 plus, iPhone 6s plus, iPhone 7 plus, iPhone 8 plus: 1242x2208 IPhone 6, iPhone 6s, iPhone 7, iPhone 8: 750x1334 IPhone 5, iPhone 5s, iPhone 5c, iPhone SE: 640x1136 ![]() IPhone: iPhone 2G, iPhone 3G, iPhone 3GS: 320x480 Enabling security and development professionals to work in the same space has allowed for changes to applications to be pushed out faster, as Susie Adams, chief technology officer for Microsoft Federal, noted, for example.īut as officials at the National Institute of Standards and Technology have stressed, moving to the cloud does not make security a “set it and forget it” feature. Outside of no longer needing to run energy-intensive data centers, there are other, security-based reasons for moving to the cloud. Remote users do not need a to gain access to their emails or files, collaboration products have significantly reduced file duplicates, and bandwidth consumption is between the home internet connection and the cloud. Agencies that are doing well are mostly in the cloud with little or no impact. Your users are now remote rather than in a central building or campus. “Could anyone plan for what’s going on now? Probably not, but who could imagine let alone fund it?” Santucci said, referring to the pandemic. In some ways, the pandemic is taking the issue out of officials’ hands. “The common themes that I heard were ‘I don’t understand security, I don’t want to have to deal with security by myself, and I’m also not a cloud expert,’” Joe Foster, cloud computing program manager at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, said regarding his early days of trying to get agency components to move to the cloud. Technology vendors precluding liability in government contracts has long been an issue, and it could be one reason some in government agencies have been timid about moving to the cloud in the past, according to a program manager speaking from the “frontlines” of the cloud migration effort during the DGI conference. ![]() Security was one of the topics mentioned in establishing the new contract templates, he said. “OMB has just stood up a to work on a cloud SLA template for the federal government to be attached to every contract,” Santucci said when asked about the liability issue and whether cloud service providers or government customers should be held responsible for security. Santucci provided a status report on the government’s efforts to improve efficiency and lower costs by moving to the cloud during a virtual conference the Digital Government Institute hosted today. “I think there is a need to update our with the cloud providers and we're actively working on that within ,” Thomas Santucci, the director of the Data Center and Cloud Optimization Infrastructure Program Management Office at GSA, said. ![]() The Office of Management and Budget plans to standardize language in all government contracts with cloud vendors that would update liability terms regarding security, according to the official in charge of leading federal agencies’ move to the shared-responsibility ecosystems. Feel free to explore and experience the awesome titles that have made the console extremely popular in the past. And in this case, you’ll be able to play emulated games of the great PlayStation 2 on your Android mobile phones. What does it do?Īs you could have guessed, like many other emulator apps, DamonPS2 Pro allows gamers to emulate games from certain platforms to other platforms. Explore hundreds of AAA games from the past right on your mobile devices and enjoy the games with excellent performances.įind out more about this exciting app with our reviews. Well, not anymore, with the new release of DamonPS2 Pro: PS2 Emulator from DamonPS2 Emulator Studio, Android gamers can find themselves fully immersed in the epic in-game experiences with their capable PS2 emulator app. But for the PlayStation 2 games which even cause certain trouble for its their PC emulators, it seems like you’ll still need to wait a little more. Feel free to enjoy your GBA, NES, SEGA GENESIS, S-NES, N-64, PSP, and many of your childhood games on your new capable mobile devices. That’s said, gamers can totally enjoy their exciting retro game experiences with tons of available emulators on the Android platform. And for those of you who’re interested in playing emulator games on your PC with many interesting titles from the famous retro consoles and handheld, you don’t need your computer anymore. Perform multiple tasks, playing games, making calls, and so on, your mobile devices are now incredible powerhouses that can do whatever you want. That being said, your mobile devices are now capable of performing tons of amazing tasks on them, to the point that you can easily use your Android phones instead of conventional laptops or PC. The smartphone hardware has made serious improvements ever since the first introductions of the first Android devices. Heavily demanding app for most Android users.Make uses of the available cheat-code for more comfortable gameplay.Enjoy amazing visual with multiple customizations.Various settings to make your game more playable.Store your save and load game states in the SD card.Great compatibility with most PS2 titles. ![]() Intuitive and customizable control options.Simple and exciting emulation gameplay on your Android devices. |